surgical
- male sterilization - each vas deferens is tied and cut by a surgeon.
- female sterilsation - oviducts tied and cut by a surgeon
hormonal- prevent ovulation
- female combined pill - contains oestrogen and progesterone.
- female mini pill - contains progesterone. cervical mucus thickened and prevents entry of sperm
- injectable - progesterone injected into muscle of woman for long-term, slow release
post - fertilisation - prevents implantation
- intra-uterine device (IUD) - small device made of plastic and copper
- morning after pill - pill taken within high does of hormone within three days of intercourse
natural
- total abstinence
- periodic abstinence - avoid intercourse around ovulation
- withdrawal - man withdraws penis before ejaculation
barrier - block sperm from reaching egg or inactive sperm chemically
- condom - thin rubber sheath placed over erect penis which prevents escape of sperm into vagina
- cap ( diaphragm or dutch cap) a soft rubber cap which covers cervix and prevents entry of sperm. this is inserted before intercourse
- sponge - sponge impregnated with spermicide which fits over cervix
